- Title: MAP SHOWING LINES OF OUTCROPS OF CERTAIN LIMESTONES IN INDIAN TERRITORY AND OKLAHOMA
- Author: U.S. Geological Survey
- Date: 1901
- Condition: Excellent
- Inches: 11 3/8 x 6 [Image]
- Centimeters: 28.89 x 15.24 [Image]
- Product ID: 308423
This fascinating map provides a detailed geological overview of northeastern Oklahoma and parts of southeastern Kansas, specifically highlighting the distribution of various limestone formations in the early 20th century. The map encompasses several counties and tribal territories, including Osage, Pawnee, and Cherokee, as well as adjacent regions in Kansas such as Cowley, Chautauqua, Montgomery, Labette, and Cherokee counties.
Distinct colored lines trace the outcrops of six major limestone units: Pawhuska limestone, Drum limestone, Upper Parsons limestone, Oologah limestone, Lower Oologah limestone, and Fort Scott limestone. Each formation is represented by a unique dashed or solid line style, as indicated in the legend at the bottom of the map. Major towns, rivers, and railroad lines are clearly marked, providing geographic context to the geological data. The map’s scale, located at the bottom center, allows for accurate distance estimation, and the neat, precise cartography reflects the scientific rigor of early U.S. Geological Survey publications. Overall, this map serves as both a valuable scientific resource for understanding regional geology and a fascinating historical artifact from the era of early 20th-century geological exploration in Indian Territory and Oklahoma.
Background on Creator
Created by Congress on March 3, 1879, the USGS was originally dedicated to exploring the geology and mineral potential of western lands. The USGS revolutionized surveying. Before the USGS was formed, most mapping in the United States was done by military expeditions and several independent government surveys. Upon its creation, the USGS established a comprehensive approach to surveying and worked to classify public lands by examining their geological structure, mineral resources, and products. This scientific appraisal of land potential and mineral resources changed the way government approached surveying. It also encouraged conservation, economic expansion, and more efficient development across the nation.
The USGS has been making topographic maps of Texas since the 1880s. The early maps show roads, towns and settlements, and political boundaries, though the physical features are only generalized. Advances in the field of geology enabled scientists to determine the nature of the rocks and minerals that make up the earth and specify how they were formed. Additionally, scientists were better able to identify coal, oil, and gas resources and assess their potential for development.